The valves is the most important part of a trumpet. Valves is also known as pistons. A normal trumpet consists of 3 valves. The 1st valve is the one closest to the player, the 2nd valve is the one at the middle and the last is the furthest. Each of the valves has its own valve slides.
When air is blown into the mouthpiece, the valves reroutes the air into different valve slides. The valve is used to lower and block a portion of the air, thus lowering or raising the pitch of the note. Pressing down on each of the valve directs the air through a small length of extra tube ( valve slides ) This has the effect of lengthening the whole trumpet, which lowers the pitch of the note that being played.
Used singly and in combination of these valves make the instrument fully chromatic.
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